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Fluorapatite can be synthesized in a three step process. First, calcium phosphate is generated by combining calcium and phosphate salts at neutral pH. This material then reacts further with fluoride sources (often sodium monofluorophosphate or calcium fluoride (CaF 2)) to give the mineral. This reaction is integral in the global phosphorus ...
Fluorite and various combinations of fluoride compounds can be made into synthetic crystals which have applications in lasers and special optics for UV and infrared. [38] Exposure tools for the semiconductor industry make use of fluorite optical elements for ultraviolet light at wavelengths of about 157 nanometers. Fluorite has a uniquely high ...
Fluoride is classified as a weak base since it only partially associates in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin. Fluoride is the simplest fluorine anion . In terms of charge and size, the fluoride ion resembles the hydroxide ion.
The crystal structure of cerium(III) fluoride is described as the LaF 3 or tysonite structure. [6] It contains 9-coordinate cerium ions that adopt an approximately tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometry, [7] although it can be considered 11-coordinate if two more distant fluorides are considered part of the cerium coordination environment. [6]
Chatoyant stones are known as cat's-eye apatite, [3] transparent green stones are known as asparagus stone, [3] and blue stones have been called moroxite. [35] If crystals of rutile have grown in the crystal of apatite, in the right light the cut stone displays a cat's-eye effect. Major sources for gem apatite are [3] Brazil
Naturally occurring CaF 2 is the principal source of hydrogen fluoride, a commodity chemical used to produce a wide range of materials. Calcium fluoride in the fluorite state is of significant commercial importance as a fluoride source. [11] Hydrogen fluoride is liberated from the mineral by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid: [12]
Potassium fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula KF. After hydrogen fluoride , KF is the primary source of the fluoride ion for applications in manufacturing and in chemistry. It is an alkali halide salt and occurs naturally as the rare mineral carobbiite .
Such a crystal is an ionic conductor by virtue of the mobility of fluoride ions which jump between lattice vacancies. An electrochemical cell may be constructed using such a crystal as a membrane separating two fluoride solutions. This cell acts as a concentration cell with transference where the fluoride transport number is 1. As transference ...