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A supercritical fluid (SCF) is a substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid. [1]
It is called supercritical fluid. The common textbook knowledge that all distinction between liquid and vapor disappears beyond the critical point has been challenged by Fisher and Widom, [8] who identified a p–T line that separates states with different asymptotic statistical properties (Fisher–Widom line).
Supercritical carbon dioxide can be used as a solvent in dry cleaning. [4] Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as the extraction solvent for creation of essential oils and other herbal distillates. [5] Its main advantages over solvents such as hexane and acetone in this process are that it is non-flammable and does not leave toxic residue.
Supercritical drying, a process used to remove liquid in a precisely controlled way, similar to freeze drying; Supercritical fluid, a substance at a temperature and pressure above its thermodynamic critical point: Supercritical carbon dioxide:
A transcritical cycle is a closed thermodynamic cycle where the working fluid goes through both subcritical and supercritical states. In particular, for power cycles the working fluid is kept in the liquid region during the compression phase and in vapour and/or supercritical conditions during the expansion phase.
This fundamental law determines the different adsorption mechanism for the subcritical and supercritical regions. For the subcritical region, the highest equilibrium pressure of adsorption is the saturation pressure of adsorbate. Beyond condensation happens. Adsorbate in the adsorbed phase is largely in liquid state, based on which different ...
Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a process that occurs in water at temperatures and pressures above a mixture's thermodynamic critical point. Under these conditions water becomes a fluid with unique properties that can be used to advantage in the destruction of recalcitrant and hazardous wastes such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or ...
However, different criteria still allow to distinguish liquid-like and more gas-like states of a supercritical fluid. These criteria result in different boundaries in the pT plane. These lines emanate either from the critical point, or from the liquid–vapor boundary (boiling curve) somewhat below the critical point.