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Nitrate extracted from blood by the salivary gland, accumulates in saliva, which is then reduced to nitric oxide to have a direct blood pressure lowering effect. Decreasing saliva nitrite in volunteers that already had elevated levels, a rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure resulted. Furthermore, pre-hypertensives may be more sensitive ...
The general definition of massive hemoptysis is more than 200 ml within 24 hours, but there is a wide range in the literature (100–600 ml). Considering that the total volume of the tracheal and bronchial lumen is about 150 cc, [ 28 ] [ 29 ] it may be reasonable to define massive hemoptysis as 200 ml, which is a little more than 150 ml, in ...
Saliva on a baby's lips. Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.In humans, saliva is around 99% water, plus electrolytes, mucus, white blood cells, epithelial cells (from which DNA can be extracted), enzymes (such as lipase and amylase), and antimicrobial agents (such as secretory IgA, and lysozymes).
Secretor status refers to the presence or absence of water-soluble ABO blood group antigens in a person's bodily fluids, such as saliva, tears, breast milk, urine, and semen. People who secrete these antigens in their bodily fluids are referred to as secretors, while people who do not are termed non-secretors.
Clinical samples are generally defined as non-infectious human or animal materials including blood, saliva, excreta, body tissue and tissue fluids, and also FDA-approved pharmaceuticals that are blood products. [7] In medical contexts, it is a specimen taken for diagnostic examination or evaluation, and for identification of disease or ...
A stimulated saliva flow rate less than 0.5 ml per gland in 5 minutes or less than 1 ml per gland in 10 minutes is decreased. [1] The term subjective xerostomia is sometimes used to describe the symptom in the absence of any clinical evidence of dryness. [8] Xerostomia may also result from a change in composition of saliva (from serous to ...
It is an ammonia odour in the mouth caused by the high concentration of urea in the saliva, which subsequently breaks down to ammonia. [12] As the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level increases, patients might develop uremic stomatitis. Uremic stomatitis appears as a pseudo membrane or frank ulcerations with redness and a pultaceous coat in the mouth.
Blood-streaked sputum –an indicator of possible inflammation of the throat (larynx and/or trachea) or bronchi; lung cancer; other bleeding erosions, ulcers, or tumors of the lower airway. Pink sputum – it indicates sputum evenly mixed with blood from alveoli and/or small peripheral bronchi as is seen in potential pulmonary edema.