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Holism is the interdisciplinary idea that systems possess properties as wholes apart from the properties of their component parts. [1] [2] [3] The aphorism "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts", typically attributed to Aristotle, is often given as a summary of this proposal. [4]
It is a notion that students must master the lower level skills before they can engage in higher-order thinking. However, the United States National Research Council objected to this line of reasoning, saying that cognitive research challenges that assumption, and that higher-order thinking is important even in elementary school.
Holistic grading or holistic scoring, in standards-based education, is an approach to scoring essays using a simple grading structure that bases a grade on a paper's overall quality. [1]
In agriculture, holistic management (from ὅλος holos, a Greek word meaning "all, whole, entire, total") is an approach to managing resources that was originally developed by Allan Savory [1] for grazing management.