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The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark a major redesign of the Arduino hardware and software. [7] The Uno board was the successor of the Duemilanove release and was the 9th version in a series of USB-based Arduino boards. [8] Version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE for the Arduino Uno board has now evolved to newer releases. [4]
A modular network switch with three network modules (a total of 36 Ethernet ports) and one power supply A five-port layer-2 switch without management functionality. Modern commercial switches primarily use Ethernet interfaces. The core function of an Ethernet switch is to provide multiple ports of layer-2 bridging.
Arduino Ethernet [32] ATmega328 [33] 16 MHz Arduino 68.6 mm × 53.3 mm [ 2.7 in × 2.1 in ] Ethernet serial interface Wiznet Ethernet 5 V 32 1 2 14 4 6 July 13, 2011 [34] Based on the same WIZnet W5100 chip as the Arduino Ethernet Shield. [35] A serial interface is provided for programming, but no USB interface.
Therefore, a compromise between a hub and a switch was developed, known as a dual-speed hub. These devices make use of an internal two-port switch, bridging the 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s segments. When a network device becomes active on any of the physical ports, the device attaches it to either the 10 Mbit/s segment or the 100 Mbit/s segment ...
Arduino Ethernet [26] Arduino Yes ATmega328 [27] 16 MHz Arduino 2.7 in × 2.1 in [ 68.6 mm × 53.3 mm ] Ethernet Serial interface Wiznet Ethernet 5 V 32 1 2 14 4 6 July 13, 2011 [28] Based on the same WIZnet W5100 chip as the Arduino Ethernet Shield. [29] A serial interface is provided for programming, but no USB interface.
Hub with three MDI-X ports and one switchable port, circa 1998 Switch showing one logical port, 16, with two physical ports, one in each conductor arrangement: MDI-X (the norm for a hub or switch), labelled 16x, and MDI, labelled Uplink, for connecting to another hub or switch with a normal straight-through cable
In 1975, the first general purpose home automation network technology, X10, was developed. It is a communication protocol for electronic devices. It primarily uses electric power transmission wiring for signalling and control, where the signals involve brief radio frequency bursts of digital data, and remains the most widely available.
A switch allows for many conversations to occur simultaneously. Before switches, networks based on hubs data could only allow transmission in one direction at a time, this was called half-duplex. By using a switch this restriction is removed; full-duplex communication is maintained and the network is collision free. [2]