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Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
When the brain detects that a pathway in the brain is not being used, or it is malfunctioning, the brain attempts to rewire, or to kill the cells involved in that pathway. If a specific region is where the seizure is located, the brain will continue to try to make changes in that area, causing increased symptoms for that individual.
Focal seizures (also called partial seizures [1] and localized seizures) are seizures that affect initially only one hemisphere of the brain. [2] [3] The brain is divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four lobes – the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. A focal seizure is generated in and affects just one part of the ...
Problems with brain development can also be a factor. The brain undergoes a complicated process during development in which neurons are born and must travel to the surface of the brain. Here they wind up carefully placed in six distinct layers of the cerebral cortex. Throughout the brain, the placement of these neurons is normally quite precise.
Sensorimotor Anterior Region. This occurs around the margin of the cingulate sulcus ( blue in figure) and is connected with sensorimotor areas of the cerebral cortex such as the paracentral lobule, supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, somatosensory area (Brodmann area 2), parietal operculum and insula. fMRI Research upon humans finds a connection with the caudalmost part of ...
Moreover, focal narrowing of brain vessels and impairment of their ability to dilate in response to various stimuli may lead to a decreased cerebral blood flow and ultimately lacunar stroke. [11] Advanced age, chronic hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus are risk factors. It is unclear whether there is an association with alcohol ...
[91] [92] A form of an infection with the pork tapeworm (cysticercosis), in the brain, is known as neurocysticercosis, and is the cause of up to half of epilepsy cases in areas of the world where the parasite is common. [72] Epilepsy may also occur after other brain infections such as cerebral malaria, toxoplasmosis, and toxocariasis. [72]
Amygdalohippocampectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of epilepsy.It consists of the removal of the hippocampus, which has a role in memory, spatial awareness, and navigation, [1] and the amygdalae, which have a role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, [2] both structures forming part of the limbic system of the brain.