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Titanium nitride (TiN; sometimes known as tinite) is an extremely hard ceramic material, often used as a physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating on titanium alloys, steel, carbide, and aluminium components to improve the substrate's surface properties.
The shared attribute of this class of this process is the introduction of nitrogen and carbon in the ferritic state of the material. The processes are divided into four main classes: gaseous, salt bath, ion or plasma, or fluidized-bed. The trade name and patented processes may vary slightly from the general description, but they are all a form ...
The fundamental reasons why TiAlN coatings outperform pure Titanium nitride (TiN) coatings are considered to be: Increased oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures due to the formation of a protective aluminium-oxide layer at the surface; Increased hardness in the freshly deposited films due to micro-structure changes and solid solution ...
Chemical drain cleaners are available through hardware stores, although some may be intended for use by licensed plumbers. They may contain either strong acids (in liquid forms) or strong alkalis (in either solid or liquid forms). These cleaners contain chemicals that dissolve at least some of the material causing the clog.
According to an international survey conducted in 2012, the water tariff in Karachi was among the 20 lowest water tariffs in the world in a sample of 310 cities. According to this survey, the residential water tariff in Karachi was US$0.09 per m 3 for a consumption of 15 m 3 per month. The tariff had been raised by 67% in September 2011, in ...
Etching tanks used to perform Piranha, hydrofluoric acid or RCA clean on 4-inch wafer batches at LAAS technological facility in Toulouse, France. Etching is used in microfabrication to chemically remove layers from the surface of a wafer during manufacturing. Etching is a critically important process module in fabrication, and every wafer ...
Nitriding alloys are alloy steels with nitride-forming elements such as aluminum, chromium, molybdenum and titanium. In 2015, nitriding was used to generate a unique duplex microstructure in an iron-manganese alloy ( martensite - austenite , austenite - ferrite ), known to be associated with strongly enhanced mechanical properties.
Phosphoryl nitride: PNO α-quartz, β-cristobalite, or moganite structure Titanium nickel oxynitride NiTiNO Chromium oxynitride Cr(N,O) galloaluminophosphate oxynitride AlGaPON [6] zinc oxynitride ZnON Titanium oxynitride TiO x N y [7] K 2 Ca 2 Ta 3 O 9 N·2H 2 O perovskite [2] K 2 LaTa 2 O 6 N·1.6H 2 O [2]