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Bass range: The bass is the lowest male voice. The bass voice has the lowest tessitura of all the voices. The typical bass range lies between E2 (the second E below middle C) to E4 (the E above middle C). In the lower and upper extremes of the bass voice, some basses can sing from C2 (two octaves below middle C) to G4 (the G above middle C). [3]
When the soprano and alto are notated in one staff, all stems for the soprano go up, and all for the alto go down. Similarly, when the tenor and bass are notated in one staff, the upper voice is marked by stems up, and both voices are written in bass clef, while the tenor is usually written in treble clef marked an octave down if it has its own staff.
More important than range in voice classification is tessitura, or where the voice is most comfortable singing, and vocal timbre, or the characteristic sound of the singing voice. [1] For example, a female singer may have a vocal range that encompasses the low notes of a mezzo-soprano and the high notes of a soprano.
The four main voices are typically labelled as soprano (or treble and countertenor), [2] alto (contralto, countertenor or mezzo), tenor, and bass. Because the human voice has a limited range, different voice types are usually not able to sing pitches that lie outside of their specific range. [3]
In SATB four-part mixed chorus, the bass is the lowest vocal range, below the tenor, alto, and soprano. Voices are subdivided into first bass and second bass with no distinction being made between bass and baritone voices, in contrast to the three-fold (tenor–baritone–bass) categorization of solo voices.
Abduction is when the posterior of the glottis is open. An example of adducted chest is belting as well as bass, baritone, and tenor classical singing. Abducted falsetto, on the opposite end of the spectrum, sounds very breathy and can possibly be a sign of a lack of vocal fold closure.
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Alto, like the other three standard modern choral voice classifications (soprano, tenor and bass) was originally intended to describe a part within a homophonic or polyphonic texture, rather than an individual voice type; [3] neither are the terms alto and contralto interchangeable or synonymous, though they are often treated as such. [citation ...