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  2. Cochineal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochineal

    Cochineal dye was used by the Aztec and Maya peoples of North and Central America as early as the second century BC. [24]: 12 [25] Inhabitants of Peru have been producing cochineal dyes for textiles since early in the Middle Horizon period (600–1000 CE). [26] Cochineal dye was extensively used in the Pre-Columbian era, often for ceremonial ...

  3. Dactylopius - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylopius

    Dactylopius is a genus of insect in the superfamily Coccoidea, the scale insects. It is the only genus in the family Dactylopiidae. [1] These insects are known commonly as cochineals, [2][3] a name that also specifically refers to the best-known species, the cochineal (Dactylopius coccus). The cochineal is an insect of economic and historical ...

  4. Carmine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmine

    Carmine (/ ˈkɑːrmən, ˈkɑːrmaɪn /) – also called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake – is a pigment of a bright- red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. [1] Specific code names for the pigment include natural red 4, C.I. 75470 ...

  5. Red pigments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_pigments

    Cochineal is a deep purplish-red color, made from insects, which is also used as a dye and to color food products. [9] Cochineal was produced by the Incas to dye cotton from 700 BC. It was also used as a cosmetic and a pigment. The insects were raised on large plantations before the arrival of the Spanish.

  6. Ponceau 4R - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponceau_4R

    Ponceau (17th century French for "poppy-coloured") is the generic name for a family of azo dyes. Ponceau 4R is a strawberry red azo dye which can be used in a variety of food products, and is usually synthesized from aromatic hydrocarbons; it is stable to light, heat, and acid but fades in the presence of ascorbic acid. [1]: 460.

  7. Smarties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties

    Smarties are dragée chocolate confectionery. They have been manufactured since 1937, [1] originally by H.I. Rowntree & Company in the United Kingdom, and now by Nestlé. Smarties are oblate spheroids with a minor axis of about 5 mm (0.2 in) and a major axis of about 12 mm (0.5 in). They come in eight colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue ...

  8. Dactylopius opuntiae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactylopius_opuntiae

    A new strain of the cochineal was introduced from Opuntia stricta collected in Australia in 1997 with encouraging results. The genotype of Dactylopius opuntiae which effectively controlled Opuntia stricta in South Africa was also introduced in Kenya, resulting in the reduction in flowering and fruiting, and leading to the death of the plants.

  9. Nopal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nopal

    Nopal. Nopal is a common name in Spanish for Opuntia cacti (commonly referred to in English as prickly pear or tender cactus), as well as for its pads. The name nopal derives from the Nahuatl word nohpalli [noʔˈpalːi] for the pads of the plant. There are about 114 known species in Mexico, [1] where it is a common ingredient in numerous ...