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Attribute substitution is a psychological process thought to underlie a number of cognitive biases and perceptual illusions. It occurs when an individual has to make a judgment (of a target attribute ) that is computationally complex, and instead substitutes a more easily calculated heuristic attribute . [ 1 ]
Free substitution or rolling substitution is a rule in some sports that allows players to enter and leave the game for other players many times during the course of a game, generally during a time-out or other break in live play; and for coaches to bring in and take out players an unlimited number of times.
Substitution (sport), where a sports team is able to change one player for another during a match; Substitution therapy or opiate replacement therapy; Import substitution industrialization, a trade and economic policy; Penal substitution, a theory of the atonement within Christian theology
A major change in the governing rules of the sport was made ahead of the 1941 college football season. Instead of removed players being lost for the quarter, a new unlimited substitution rule was implemented, providing simply, "A player may be substituted for another at any time, but such player may not be withdrawn from, nor the outgoing ...
Fritz Crisler was known as the "father of two-platoon football". In its earliest iteration, American football — like the sport of rugby whence it sprung — featured all players switching between offense and defense as required, in continuous action without leaving the field.
The substitution of absent players happened as early as the 1850s, for example from Eton College where the term emergencies is used. [5] Numerous references to players acting as a "substitute" occur in matches in the mid-1860s [6] where it is not indicated whether these were replacements of absent players or of players injured during the match.
Counterconditioning (also called stimulus substitution) is functional analytic principle that is part of behavior analysis, and involves the conditioning of an unwanted behavior or response to a stimulus into a wanted behavior or response by the association of positive actions with the stimulus. [1]
The term "sport psychology" was first used back in 1900 by Pierre de Coubertin. The field saw notably contributions from the pioneers in Wundt and de Coubertin in the early 1900s. [6] The birth of sport psychology in Europe happened largely in Germany. The first sport psychology laboratory was founded by Dr. Carl Diem in Berlin, in the early ...