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Obese people tend to have raised levels of the hormone leptin, which is secreted by adipose tissue and under normal circumstances increases ventilation. In OHS, this effect is reduced. [5] [10] Furthermore, episodes of nighttime acidosis (e.g. due to sleep apnea) lead to compensation by the kidneys with retention of the alkali bicarbonate. This ...
The terms obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) may be used to refer to OSA when it is associated with symptoms during the daytime (e.g. excessive daytime sleepiness, decreased cognitive function).
Sleep apnea (sleep apnoea or sleep apnœa in British English) is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption.
the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), an advanced system cultured by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) for sleep specialists. The ICD and DSM lump different disorders together, while the ICSD tends to split related disorders into multiple discrete categories.
Zepbound, a drug approved by the FDA, has been shown to reduce the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in obese adults, although it is not a cure and requires weight loss to be maintained over time.
Central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). CHS can either be congenital (CCHS) or acquired (ACHS) later in life.
Sleep apnea is measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). An AHI is determined with a sleep study. AHI values for adults are categorized as: [2] [3] Normal: AHI<5; Mild sleep apnea: 5≤AHI<15; Moderate sleep apnea: 15≤AHI<30; Severe sleep apnea: AHI≥30; An episode is when a person hesitates to breathe or stops their breathing altogether.
Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing 327.22 G47.32 Central sleep apnea due to a medical condition, not Cheyne-Stokes 327.27 G47.31 Central sleep apnea due to a drug or substance 327.29 F10-19 Primary sleep apnea of infancy 770.81 P28.3 Obstructive sleep apnea syndromes: Obstructive sleep apnea, adult 327.23 G47.33