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Cord entanglement: The close proximity and absence of amniotic membrane separating the two umbilical cords makes it particularly easy for the twins to become entangled in each other's cords, hindering fetal movement and development. [4] Additionally, entanglement may cause one twin to become stuck in the birth canal during labor and expulsion. [1]
In placental mammals, the umbilical cord (also called the navel string, [1] birth cord or funiculus umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development , the umbilical cord is physiologically and genetically part of the fetus and (in humans) normally contains two arteries (the umbilical ...
If one twin dies in utero, blood accumulates in that twin's body, causing exsanguination of the remaining twin. [2] In the case of monoamniotic twins the risk of complications is substantially higher because of additional potential umbilical cord entanglement and compression. [3] However, the perinatal mortality of monochorionic twins is fairly ...
Both twins born vaginally – this can occur both presented head first or where one comes head first and the other is breech and/or helped by a forceps/ventouse delivery; One twin born vaginally and the other by caesarean section. If the twins are joined at any part of the body – called conjoined twins, delivery is mostly by caesarean section.
The embryo is joined to the trophoblastic shell by a narrow connecting stalk that develops into the umbilical cord to attach the placenta to the embryo. [ 11 ] [ 15 ] Arteries in the decidua are remodelled to increase the maternal blood flow into the intervillous spaces of the placenta, allowing gas exchange and the transfer of nutrients to the ...
After birth the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, the baby starts to breathe air, and blood from the right ventricle starts to flow to the lungs for gaseous exchange and oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, which is pumped into the left ventricle, and then pumped into the main arterial system. As a result of these changes, the blood ...
The twins' mother, Destiny, was due Feb. 2, but she went into labor Jan. 6 and delivered Jan. 7. The major risk for monoamniotic twins is that their two umbilical cords can easily become entangled ...
The amnion is the innermost layer and, therefore, contacts the amniotic fluid, the fetus and the umbilical cord. [5] The internal pressure of the amniotic fluid causes the amnion to be passively attached to the chorion. [4] The chorion functions to separate the amnion from the maternal decidua and uterus. [4]