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The orphanages were inaugurated in a spirit of revolutionary idealism, but were soon overwhelmed by the need to feed and house millions of homeless children. [20] By the mid-1920s, the Soviet state was forced to realize that its resources for orphanages were inadequate, that it lacked the capacity to raise and educate the USSR's stray children.
Likbez (Russian: ликбе́з, Russian pronunciation: [lʲɪɡˈbʲɛs]; a portmanteau of ликвида́ция безгра́мотности, likvidatsiya bezgramotnosti, [lʲɪkvʲɪˈdatsɨjə bʲɪzˈɡramətnəsʲtʲɪ], meaning "elimination of illiteracy") was a campaign of eradication of illiteracy in Soviet Russia and the Soviet ...
By 1922, there were at least 7 million homeless children in Russia as a result of nearly a decade of devastation from World War I and the Russian Civil War. [1] This led to the creation of many orphanages. By the 1930s, the USSR declared the abolition of homelessness and every citizen was obliged to have a propiska – a place of permanent ...
In 1920 and 1921, it provided one meal a day to 3.2 million children in Finland, Estonia, various Russian regions, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Armenia. When it began its emergency feeding operation in Russia, it planned to feed about one million Russian children for a full year. [24]
By the late 1920s, adults had been made more responsible for the care of their children, and common-law marriage had been given equal legal status with civil marriage. [15] Reconstruction of a typical 1950s Soviet living room. During Joseph Stalin's rule (late 1920s to 1953), the trend toward strengthening the family continued. In 1936 the ...
Orphanages could not keep up with demand, and the Tatar ASSR government devoted resources to expand the number of institutions available. For example, the Sviyazhsk kanton had two orphanages, which kept 64 children in July 1920. By, January 1922, this had expanded to 12 orphanages with 704 children. [citation needed]
The number of orphanages has increased by 100% between 2002 and 2012 to 2,176. [2] Some of the reasons for children to end up in the orphanages are domestic abuse, parental substance abuse, having lost their parents, or being found alone on the streets. [4] As for those who are social orphans there are various reasons why they end up in orphanages.
The Golubev and Dronin report gives the following table of the major droughts in Russia between 1900 and 2000. [1]: 16 Mass famines were reported in years of drought in the 1920s and 1930s, and the last one occurred in 1984. [1]: 23 Central: 1920, 1924, 1936, 1946, 1984. Southern: 1901, 1906, 1921, 1939, 1948, 1995. Eastern: 1911, 1931.