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During straight and level flight, the load factor is +1 if the aircraft is flown "the right way up", [2]: 90 whereas it becomes −1 if the aircraft is flown "upside-down" (inverted). In both cases the lift vector is the same (as seen by an observer on the ground), but in the latter the vertical axis of the aircraft points downwards, making the ...
A chart of velocity versus load factor (or V-n diagram) is another way of showing limits of aircraft performance. It shows how much load factor can be safely achieved at different airspeeds. [3] At higher temperatures, air is less dense and planes must fly faster to generate the same amount of lift.
Speed at which exceeding the limit load factor may cause permanent deformation of the aircraft structure. [7] [8] [9] [24] V O: Maximum operating maneuvering speed. [25] V R: Rotation speed. The speed at which the pilot begins to apply control inputs to cause the aircraft nose to pitch up, after which it will leave the ground. [7] [26] [Note 1 ...
The flight mode of normal law provides five types of protection: pitch attitude, load factor limitations, high speed, high-AOA and bank angle. Flight mode is operational from take-off, until shortly before the aircraft lands, around 100 feet above ground level. It can be lost prematurely as a result of pilot commands or system failures.
Wing loading is a useful measure of the stalling speed of an aircraft. Wings generate lift owing to the motion of air around the wing. Larger wings move more air, so an aircraft with a large wing area relative to its mass (i.e., low wing loading) will have a lower stalling speed.
The limit load can be found relatively easily by statistically analysing the data collected during the many hours of logged flights (which is continuously being gathered) but is generally predicted due to service of other aircraft before the design phase.
landing field length requirements, approach and landing climb requirements. Noise requirements; If the flight has been of unusually short duration, such as due to an emergency just after takeoff requiring a return to the airport, it may be necessary to dump fuel to reduce the landing weight. [2] Some aircraft are unable to dump fuel, however.
Load factor (aeronautics), the ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight; Load factor (computer science), the ratio of the number of records to the number of addresses within a data structure; Load factor (electrical), the average power divided by the peak power over a period of time; Capacity factor, the ratio of actual energy output to ...