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  2. Load factor (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_factor_(aeronautics)

    During straight and level flight, the load factor is +1 if the aircraft is flown "the right way up", [2]: 90 whereas it becomes −1 if the aircraft is flown "upside-down" (inverted). In both cases the lift vector is the same (as seen by an observer on the ground), but in the latter the vertical axis of the aircraft points downwards, making the ...

  3. Wing loading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_loading

    With a wing loading of 100 lb/sq ft (490 kg/m 2) the load factor is twice smaller and barely reaches 1g at 40,000 ft (12,000 m). [ 15 ] Aircraft with low wing loadings tend to have superior sustained turn performance because they can generate more lift for a given quantity of engine thrust.

  4. Limit load (aeronautics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_load_(aeronautics)

    For aircraft specification calculation in aeronautics, limit load (LL) is the maximum design load expected as the maximum load any aircraft will see during its lifetime, [1]

  5. Stall (fluid dynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stall_(fluid_dynamics)

    The normal stall speed, specified by the V S values above, always refers to straight and level flight, where the load factor is equal to 1g. However, if the aircraft is turning or pulling up from a dive, additional lift is required to provide the vertical or lateral acceleration, and so the stall speed is higher.

  6. Fuel economy in aircraft - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy_in_aircraft

    An airline efficiency depends on its fleet fuel burn, seating density, air cargo and passenger load factor, while operational procedures like maintenance and routing can save fuel. Average fuel burn of new aircraft fell 45% from 1968 to 2014, a compounded annual reduction 1.3% with a variable reduction rate.

  7. Ultimate load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_load

    With respect to aircraft structure and design, ultimate load is the amount of load applied to a component beyond which the component will fail. The chance that it will occur is, however, not zero, and, if it were to occur, then the relevant structure in the aircraft would stand a large chance of fracture.

  8. Load factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_factor

    Load factor (aeronautics), the ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight; Load factor (computer science), the ratio of the number of records to the number of addresses within a data structure; Load factor (electrical), the average power divided by the peak power over a period of time; Capacity factor, the ratio of actual energy output to ...

  9. Lift-to-drag ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift-to-drag_ratio

    Lift and drag are the two components of the total aerodynamic force acting on an aerofoil or aircraft.. In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio (or L/D ratio) is the lift generated by an aerodynamic body such as an aerofoil or aircraft, divided by the aerodynamic drag caused by moving through air.