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  2. Homology (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology_(biology)

    The principle of homology: The biological relationships (shown by colours) of the bones in the forelimbs of vertebrates were used by Charles Darwin as an argument in favor of evolution. In biology , homology is similarity in anatomical structures or genes between organisms of different taxa due to shared ancestry , regardless of current ...

  3. Evidence of common descent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent

    Today, by measuring the proportions of radioactive and stable elements in a given rock, the ages of fossils can be more precisely dated by scientists. This technique is known as radiometric dating . Throughout the fossil record, many species that appear at an early stratigraphic level disappear at a later level.

  4. Deep homology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_homology

    Whereas ordinary homology is seen in the pattern of structures such as limb bones of mammals that are evidently related, deep homology can apply to groups of animals that have quite dissimilar anatomy: vertebrates (with endoskeletons made of bone and cartilage) and arthropods (with exoskeletons made of chitin) nevertheless have limbs that are constructed using similar recipes or "algorithms".

  5. Sequence homology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_homology

    Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene ...

  6. Anatomical terminology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terminology

    Anatomical structures are often described in relation to landmarks, such as the umbilicus, sternum, or anatomical lines like the midclavicular line (from the center of the clavicle). The term cephalon or cephalic region refers to the head, which is further divided into the cranium (skull), facies (face), frons (forehead), oculus (eye area ...

  7. Autapomorphy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autapomorphy

    Synapomorphy/Homology – a derived trait that is found in some or all terminal groups of a clade, and inherited from a common ancestor, for which it was an autapomorphy (i.e., not present in its immediate ancestor). Underlying synapomorphy – a synapomorphy that has been lost again in many members of the clade. If lost in all but one, it can ...

  8. 37 photos of the weirdest and most unique McDonald's ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/37-photos-weirdest-most-unique...

    The restaurant has been called the world's most beautiful McDonald's. Independence, Ohio, is home to a McDonald's that's known as one of the fanciest fast-food restaurants in the country. McDonald ...

  9. Phylogenetic bracketing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_bracketing

    Phylogenetic bracketing is based on the notion of anatomical conservationism. The general body shape of an animal can be fairly constant through large groups, but not always. The large theropod dinosaur Spinosaurus was until 2014 only known from fragmentary remains, mainly of the skull and vertebrae.