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The Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) is used to determine prognosis following surgery for breast cancer. [1] [2] Its value is calculated using three pathological criteria: the size of the tumour; the number of involved lymph nodes; and the grade of the tumour. [1] It is calculated to select patients for adjuvant treatment.
Staging of breast cancer is one aspect of breast cancer classification that assists in making appropriate treatment choices, when considered along with other classification aspects such as estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor levels in the cancer tissue, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, menopausal status, and the ...
MammaPrint has been prospectively, clinically validated for use in early stage (I and II) breast cancer patients regardless of estrogen receptor (ER) or Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) status, with a tumor size ≤ 5.0 cm, and 0-3 positive lymph nodes (LN0-1), with no special specifications for N1mi pathology.
Grading in cancer is distinguished from staging, which is a measure of the extent to which the cancer has spread. Pathology grading systems classify the microscopic cell appearance abnormality and deviations in their rate of growth with the goal of predicting developments at tissue level (see also the 4 major histological changes in dysplasia).
The system is designed to standardize reporting and is used by medical professionals to communicate a patient's risk of developing breast cancer, particularly for patients with dense breast tissue. The document focuses on patient reports used by medical professionals, not "lay reports" that are provided to patients.
The NFL playoffs are nearly in sight and the heat is on for some teams still in the fight to make the postseason.. Week 15 saw the number of teams that have qualified for the playoffs increase to ...
Invasive carcinoma NST accounts for half of all breast cancer diagnoses in women and is the most common type of invasive breast cancer. It is also the most commonly diagnosed form of male breast cancer. Invasive carcinoma NST is classified by its microscopic, molecular, and genetic features.
"The mystery has finally been solved," Congo's health ministry says, after an unidentified disease outbreak started killing mainly women and children in a remote region.