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  2. Nullable type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable_type

    Nullable types are a feature of some programming languages which allow a value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of the data type.In statically typed languages, a nullable type is an option type, [citation needed] while in dynamically typed languages (where values have types, but variables do not), equivalent behavior is provided by having a single null ...

  3. Lazy initialization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_initialization

    This is typically accomplished by augmenting an accessor method (or property getter) to check whether a private member, acting as a cache, has already been initialized. If it has, it is returned straight away. If not, a new instance is created, placed into the member variable, and returned to the caller just-in-time for its first use.

  4. Executable and Linkable Format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format

    An ELF file has two views: the program header shows the segments used at run time, whereas the section header lists the set of sections.. In computing, the Executable and Linkable Format [2] (ELF, formerly named Extensible Linking Format) is a common standard file format for executable files, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps.

  5. py2exe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Py2exe

    py2exe is a Python extension which converts Python scripts (.py) into Microsoft Windows executables (.exe). These executables can run on a system without Python installed. [3] It is the most common tool for doing so.

  6. Just-in-time compilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation

    Bytecode is not the machine code for any particular computer, and may be portable among computer architectures. The bytecode may then be interpreted by, or run on a virtual machine. The JIT compiler reads the bytecodes in many sections (or in full, rarely) and compiles them dynamically into machine code so the program can run faster.

  7. Null pointer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_pointer

    The C standard does not say that the null pointer is the same as the pointer to memory address 0, though that may be the case in practice. Dereferencing a null pointer is undefined behavior in C, [7] and a conforming implementation is allowed to assume that any pointer that is dereferenced is not null. In practice, dereferencing a null pointer ...

  8. Stack buffer overflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_buffer_overflow

    If the stack buffer is filled with data supplied from an untrusted user then that user can corrupt the stack in such a way as to inject executable code into the running program and take control of the process. This is one of the oldest and more reliable methods for attackers to gain unauthorized access to a computer. [3] [4] [5]

  9. Lazy loading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_loading

    Prior to being established as a web standard, web frameworks were generally used to implement lazy loading. One of these is Angular.Since lazy loading decreases bandwidth and subsequently server resources, it is a strong contender to implement in a website, especially in order to improve user retention by having less delay when loading the page, which may also improve search engine ...