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New York Point (New York Point: ) is a braille-like system of tactile writing for the blind invented by William Bell Wait (1839–1916), a teacher in the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind. The system used one to four pairs of points set side by side, each containing one or two dots.
A tactile alphabet is a system for writing material that the blind can read by touch. While currently the Braille system is the most popular and some materials have been prepared in Moon type , historically, many other tactile alphabets have existed:
English Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, [1] is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters , numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations . Some English Braille letters, such as ⠡ ch , [2] correspond to more than one letter in print.
The Unicode name of a specific pattern mentions the raised dots: U+2813 ⠓ BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-125 has dots 1, 2 and 5 raised. By exception, the zero dot raised pattern is named U+2800 ⠀ BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK. [4] In the 8-dot cell each dot individually can be raised or not. That creates 2 8 =256 different patterns.
The dot positions are identified by numbers from one to six. [2] There are 64 possible combinations, including no dots at all for a word space. [3] Dot configurations can be used to represent a letter, digit, punctuation mark, or even a word. [2] Early braille education is crucial to literacy, education and employment among the blind.
For example, ⠉ dots 1-4 represents c, and ⠒ dots 2-5 is 3. The other symbols may or may not correspond to their Braille values. For example, ⠌ dots 3-4 represents / in Braille ASCII, and this is the Braille slash, but ⠿ dots 1-2-3-4-5-6 represents =, and this is not the equals sign in Braille.
In the Japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8-dot Braille patterns 567, 1567, 4567, and 14567 are the patterns related to Braille pattern dots-345, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 0345, 3457, and 03457 are placed above the base 6-dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8-dot braille.
Moon first formulated his ideas in 1843 and published the scheme in 1845. Moon is not as well known as braille, but it is a valuable alternative [citation needed] touch reading scheme for the blind or partially sighted people of any age. Rather than the dots of braille type, Moon type is made up of raised curves, angles, and lines.
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