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Pollination syndromes are suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors, which can be abiotic (wind and water) or biotic, such as birds, bees, flies, and so forth through a process called pollinator-mediated selection.
Selfing syndrome refers to plants that are autogamous and display a complex of characteristics associated with self-pollination. [1] The term was first coined by Adrien Sicard and Michael Lenhard in 2011, but was first described in detail by Charles Darwin in his book “The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom” (1876), making note that the flowers of self ...
Toxopneustes pileolus, commonly known as the flower urchin, is a widespread and commonly encountered species of sea urchin from the Indo-West Pacific. It is considered highly dangerous, as it is capable of delivering extremely painful and medically significant stings when touched.
The flowers are visited by a wide variety of insects (the generalised pollination syndrome). [10] Some species in the insect order Lepidoptera frequently use the willowherb as their primary larval host-plant, examples including the elephant hawk moth ( Deilephila elpenor ), [ 11 ] bedstraw hawk moth ( Hyles gallii ), and the white-lined sphinx ...
Plants fall into pollination syndromes that reflect the type of pollinator being attracted. These are characteristics such as: overall flower size, the depth and width of the corolla, the color (including patterns called nectar guides that are visible only in ultraviolet light), the scent, amount of nectar, composition of nectar, etc. [2] For example, birds visit red flowers with long, narrow ...
Treatment of Botrytis involves cutting off the infected stock and clearing the surrounding area of A. majus from any of this debris. Pythium: Wilting in the plant may be caused by a Pythium species fungal infection if the plant is receiving adequate water. [1] Rust: Another fungal disease that A. majus is susceptible to is rust
This leads to shifts in pollination syndromes and to some genera having a high diversity of pollination syndromes among species, suggesting that pollinators are a primary selective force driving diversity and speciation. [5] [6] Ophrys apifera is an orchid species that has a highly evolved plant-pollinator relationship. This specific species ...
Wind-pollination (anemophily) syndrome The flowers of wind-pollinated flowering plants, such as this saw-tooth oak ( Quercus acutissima ), are less showy than insect-pollinated flowers. Anemophilous plants, such as this pine ( Pinus ) produce large quantities of pollen, which is carried on the wind.