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George Gerbner first published his model in his 1956 paper Toward a General Model of Communication. [129] [130] It is a linear transmission model. It is based on the Shannon–Weaver model and Lasswell's model but expands them in various ways. [131] [130] [132] It aims to provide a general account of all forms of communication.
Taking the communication perspective confers something like "communication literacy"—the ability to inscribe and read the complex process of communication in real-time. Among other things, CMM's concepts and models guide practitioners in helping clients become aware of the patterns of communication which make up aspects of the social world.
The development of the multiple sequence model stemmed from Poole finding stage models to be too linear based on systematized logic. [1] Poole believed that decisions are based on many different activities and communication, this differing from the previous stage models other theorists were following.
Abelin later developed an 'organizer- and triangulation-model', [19] in which he based the whole human mental and psychic development on several steps of triangulation. Some earlier related work, published in a 1951 paper, had been done by the German psychoanalyst Hans Loewald in the area of pre- Oedipal behavior and dynamics. [ 20 ]
The model of communication as constitutive of organizations has origins in the linguistic approach to organizational communication taken in the 1980s. [4] Theorists such as Karl E. Weick [5] were among the first to posit that organizations were not static but inherently comprised by a dynamic process of communicating.
Barnlund's model of interpersonal communication. The orange circles represent the communicators. The other colored areas symbolize different types of cues. Communication takes place by decoding cues (orange arrows) and encoding behavioral responses (yellow arrows). Barnlund's model is an influential transactional model of communication. It was ...
A model of communication is a simplified presentation that aims to give a basic explanation of the process by highlighting its most fundamental characteristics and components. [16] [8] [17] For example, James Watson and Anne Hill see Lasswell's model as a mere questioning device and not as a full model of communication. [10]
Lastly, social systems are put in place so that communication takes place in a society where there are different people with different beliefs and values. The source needs to be aware of the culture, religion, beliefs, and values of the receiver. [8] An SMCR model can be applied in many different fields.