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This allows for representing pattern structures, taking into account more complex relationships between attributes than is possible in the case of flat, numerical feature vectors of fixed dimensionality that are used in statistical classification. Syntactic pattern recognition can be used instead of statistical pattern recognition if clear ...
[4] [5] [6] Pattern formation is genetically controlled, and often involves each cell in a field sensing and responding to its position along a morphogen gradient, followed by short distance cell-to-cell communication through cell signaling pathways to refine the initial pattern. In this context, a field of cells is the group of cells whose ...
This enabled the descriptor to be used within a content-based image retrieval system searchable by free-hand sketched shapes. [14] The GF-HOG adaptation was shown to outperform existing gradient histogram descriptors such as SIFT , SURF , and HOG by around 15 percent at the task of SBIR.
The systematist, a scientist who specializes in systematics, must, therefore, be able to use existing classification systems, or at least know them well enough to skilfully justify not using them. Phenetics was an attempt to determine the relationships of organisms through a measure of overall similarity, making no distinction between ...
A very common type of prior knowledge in pattern recognition is the invariance of the class (or the output of the classifier) to a transformation of the input pattern. This type of knowledge is referred to as transformation-invariance. The mostly used transformations used in image recognition are: translation; rotation; skewing;
A wallpaper group (or plane symmetry group or plane crystallographic group) is a mathematical classification of a two-dimensional repetitive pattern, based on the symmetries in the pattern. Such patterns occur frequently in architecture and decorative art , especially in textiles , tiles , and wallpaper .
Raunkiær's life-form scheme has subsequently been revised and modified by various authors, [6] [7] [8] but the main structure has survived. Raunkiær's life-form system may be useful in researching the transformations of biotas and the genesis of some groups of phytophagous animals.
With an alternate (spiral) pattern, each leaf arises at a different point (node) on the stem. Distichous leaf arrangement in Clivia Distichous phyllotaxis, also called "two-ranked leaf arrangement" is a special case of either opposite or alternate leaf arrangement where the leaves on a stem are arranged in two vertical columns on opposite sides ...