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Pure choriocarcinoma of the testis represents the most aggressive pathologic variant of germ cell tumors in adults, characteristically with early hematogenous and lymphatic metastatic spread. Because of early spread and inherent resistance to anticancer drugs, patients have poor prognosis.
Bone metastasis, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that result from primary tumor invasions into bones. Bone-originating primary tumors such as osteosarcoma , chondrosarcoma , and Ewing sarcoma are rare; the most common bone tumor is a metastasis. [ 1 ]
The survival rate following treatment with chemotherapy is approximately at least 90%. [4] If gestational choriocarcinoma has spread to the liver in an individual, survival rate may be lower. [7] Overall survival rate is also higher when management of gestational choriocarcinoma occurs in a setting with physicians familiar with the condition.
Progression-free survival (PFS) is "the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse". [1] In oncology, PFS usually refers to situations in which a tumor is present, as demonstrated by laboratory testing, radiologic testing, or clinically. Similarly ...
3D medical illustration depicting the TNM stages in breast cancer. Cancer staging can be divided into a clinical stage and a pathologic stage. In the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, clinical stage and pathologic stage are denoted by a small "c" or "p" before the stage (e.g., cT3N1M0 or pT2N0).
M describes distant metastasis (spread of cancer from one part of the body to another). The TNM staging system for all solid tumors was devised by Pierre Denoix of the Institut Gustave Roussy between 1943 and 1952, using the size and extension of the primary tumor, its lymphatic involvement, and the presence of metastases to classify the ...
The presence or absence of micrometastases is crucial in choosing the right treatment option for cancer patients. [ citation needed ] The detection of micrometastases in the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) is the primary indicator of its spread to the regional lymph nodes, bone marrow , peripheral blood and ultimately to distant metastatic sites ...
Although choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant tumour and a life-threatening disease, it is very sensitive to chemotherapy. Virtually all women with non-metastatic disease are cured and retain their fertility; the prognosis is also very good for those with metastatic (spreading) cancer, in the early stages, but fertility may be lost.