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A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle. [1] The most common symptom is retrosternal chest pain or discomfort that classically radiates to the left shoulder, arm, or jaw. [1]
Coronary ischemia, myocardial ischemia, [1] or cardiac ischemia, [2] is a medical term for abnormally reduced blood flow in the coronary circulation through the coronary arteries. [3] Coronary ischemia is linked to heart disease, and heart attacks. [4] Coronary arteries deliver oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. [5]
Referred pain, also called reflective pain, [1] is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus.An example is the case of angina pectoris brought on by a myocardial infarction (heart attack), where pain is often felt in the left side of neck, left shoulder, and back rather than in the thorax (chest), the site of the injury.
[5] [6] [14] It is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases. [15] CAD can cause stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial ischemia, [16] and myocardial infarction. [17] A common symptom is angina, which is chest pain or discomfort that may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. [4] Occasionally it may feel like heartburn.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels. [3] CVDs constitute a class of diseases that includes: coronary artery diseases (e.g. angina, heart attack), heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease ...
Cardiac arrest is not preceded by any warning symptoms in approximately 50 percent of people. [21] For individuals who do experience symptoms, the symptoms are usually nonspecific to the cardiac arrest. [22] For example, new or worsening chest pain, fatigue, blackouts, dizziness, shortness of breath, weakness, or vomiting. [22] [12]
Acute coronary syndrome is subdivided in three scenarios depending primarily on the presence of electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and blood test results (a change in cardiac biomarkers such as troponin levels): [4] ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), or unstable angina. [5]
Information card published by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute urging people with symptoms of angina to call the emergency medical services.. Because of the relationship between the duration of myocardial ischemia and the extent of damage to heart muscle, public health services encourage people experiencing possible acute coronary syndrome symptoms or those around them to ...