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Cannabis plants, like many others, biochemically synthesize terpenes with intense aromas as a method of chemical defense in attempts to repel predators, and invite pollinators. Because terpenes and terpenoids are biologically active molecules, it is possible variations in terpenes may elicit different biological and psychoactive responses in ...
A dried cannabis flower. The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
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The phrase entourage effect was introduced in 1999. [9] [10] While originally identified as a novel method of endocannabinoid regulation by which multiple endogenous chemical species display a cooperative effect in eliciting a cellular response, the term has evolved to describe the polypharmacy effects of combined cannabis phytochemicals or whole plant extracts. [11]
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Tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins have an affinity for human cannabinoid receptors. [43] A widespread dietary terpene, beta-caryophyllene, a component from the essential oil of cannabis and other medicinal plants, has also been identified as a selective agonist of peripheral CB 2-receptors, in vivo. [44] Black truffles contain anandamide. [45]
Well-known terpenoids include citral, menthol, camphor, salvinorin A in the plant Salvia divinorum, ginkgolide and bilobalide found in Ginkgo biloba and the cannabinoids found in cannabis. The provitamin beta carotene is a terpene derivative called a carotenoid. The steroids and sterols in animals are biologically produced from terpenoid ...
Both hops and cannabis contain terpenes and terpenoids; tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a terpenoid. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Hops lack the enzyme that could convert cannabigerolic acid into THC or CBD, [ 5 ] but it could be inserted using genetic engineering as was done in 2019 for yeast.
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