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Contraindications to breastfeeding are those conditions that could compromise the health of the infant if breast milk from their mother is consumed. Examples include galactosemia , untreated HIV , untreated active tuberculosis , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 or II , uses illicit drugs , or mothers undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment .
Breastfeeding and medications is the description of the medications that can be used by a breastfeeding mother, and the balance between maternal health and the safety of the breastfeeding infant. [1] [2] Medications, when administered to breastfeeding mothers, almost always are transferred to breast milk, albeit usually in small quantities. [3]
In the United States in 2015, 83% of women begin breastfeeding and 58% were still breastfeeding at 6 months, although only 25% exclusively. [ 13 ] Contraindications
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The mother's use of medications and herbs should be evaluated, as some substance suppress lactation. [5] The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine protocol for low milk supply recommends that the mother be evaluated for medical causes of the problem, [5] however health professionals and breastfeeding counsellors often do not do this. [2]
Breastfeeding, prehistorically, was the only way infants were nourished. There was no acceptable substitute for human milk for a long time. In 1 AD, philosophers were discovering the importance of breast milk versus any substitute. It was concluded that breastfeeding helped the mother and infant establish an emotional connection. [3]
High levels of prolactin during pregnancy and breastfeeding also increase insulin resistance, increase growth factor levels (IGF-1) and modify lipid metabolism in preparation for breastfeeding. During lactation, prolactin is the main factor maintaining tight junctions of the ductal epithelium and regulating milk production through osmotic balance.
Its use near the end of pregnancy and during breastfeeding is typically not recommended. [7] Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that typically stops bacterial growth by stopping the production of proteins. [5] Chloramphenicol was discovered after being isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae in 1947. [8]