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The term Maratha referred broadly to all the speakers of the Marathi language. [33] [3] In the 17th century, it also served as a designation for peasants from the Deccan Plateau who served as soldiers in the armies of Muslim rulers and later in the armies of Shivaji. Thus, the term Maratha became a marker of an endogamous caste for them. [34]
In Maratha society, membership of a Kul or clan is acquired in a patrilineal manner. People belonging to a clan usually have a common surname, a common clan deity, and a common clan totem . [12] Various lists have been compiled, purporting to list the 96 "true Maratha" clans, but these lists vary greatly and are disputed.
Maratha forts often served as regional administrative hubs. Governors or commanders stationed at these forts oversaw local governance and implemented orders from the central authority. For example, Raigad Fort was the capital of the Maratha Empire under Shivaji, reflecting its administrative significance.
The Maratha rulers, belonging to the various dynasties, from the early 17th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Maratha Empire on the Indian subcontinent. [ 1 ] [ note 1 ] It was established by the Chhatrapati (the Maratha emperor ) in 1670s.
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A Maratha Durbar showing the Chief and the nobles (Sardars, Jagirdars, Istamuradars & Mankaris) of the state.. This is a list of Maratha dynasties and Maratha princely states.
The rise of the Hindu nationalist Shiv Sena and the Bharatiya Janata Party in recent years have not dented Maratha caste representation in the Maharashtra Legislative assembly. [87] After the Maratha-Kunbi cluster, the scheduled caste (SC) Mahars are numerically the second-largest community among the Marathi people in Maharashtra.
Shivaji (1630–1680) was a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhonsle clan and was the founder of the Maratha state. [25] Shivaji led a resistance against the Sultanate of Bijapur in 1645 by winning the fort Torna, followed by many more forts, placing the area under his control and establishing Hindavi Swarajya (self-rule of Hindu people [ 24 ] ).