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Lupus, formally called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. [1] Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. [1]
In fact, it’s so unpredictable that a diagnosis is given only when 4 or more out of eleven diagnostic criteria are met. The first few have to do with the skin and often happen to sun-exposed areas; the first is a Malar rash, meaning a rash over the cheeks that spares the nasolabial folds, sometimes just called a “butterfly rash” and this ...
Affected individuals believe that they are in the process of transforming into an animal, or have already transformed into an animal. Clinical Lycanthropy has been associated with the altered states of mind that accompany psychosis, the mental state that typically involves delusions and hallucinations, with the transformation only seeming to happen in the mind and behavior of the affected person.
Currently, the diagnosis of SLE depends on finding a combination of criteria that strongly support it. [2] The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) is an international group dedicated to studying SLE. This group evaluated the following Clinical and Immunological criteria (i.e
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. [1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus.
In addition, onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms may happen prior to the diagnosis of lupus. [7] Due to the lack of uniform diagnostic standards, statistics about NPSLE vary widely. [8] Tests which aid in diagnosis include MRI, electrophysiological studies, psychiatric evaluation, and autoantibody tests. [9]
Discoid lupus erythematosus: Skin ANA, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm Confirmed Part of SLE prevalence (20-150 per 100,000) [11] Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: Skin Anti-type VII collagen Confirmed Extremely rare [12] Erythema nodosum: Skin None specific Possible Not well established [13] Gestational pemphigoid: Skin Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230 Confirmed ...
In 1999 a study noted, "In recent years there has been growing concern regarding the diagnosis of incomplete forms of the autoimmune diseases" [26] and the first classification criteria were proposed in that year. [1] Historically the condition was sometimes called undifferentiated connective tissue syndrome, latent lupus or incomplete lupus. [1]