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An endoclip is a metallic mechanical device used in endoscopy in order to close two mucosal surfaces without the need for surgery and suturing. Its function is similar to a suture in gross surgical applications, as it is used to join together two disjointed surfaces, but, can be applied through the channel of an endoscope under direct visualization
A Storz endoscopy unit used for laryngoscopy exams of the vocal folds and the glottis Basil Hirschowitz , Larry Curtiss, and Wilbur Peters invented the first fiber optic endoscope in 1957. [ 18 ] Earlier in the 1950s Harold Hopkins had designed a "fibroscope" consisting of a bundle of flexible glass fibres able to coherently transmit an image.
Depending on the site in the body and type of procedure, an endoscopy may be performed by either a doctor or a surgeon. A patient may be fully conscious or anaesthetised during the procedure. Most often, the term endoscopy is used to refer to an examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. [2]
Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with a cystoscope. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The cystoscope has lenses like a telescope or microscope. These lenses let the physician focus on the inner surfaces of the urinary tract.
Therapeutic endoscopy is the medical term for an endoscopic procedure during which treatment is carried out via the endoscope. This contrasts with diagnostic endoscopy , where the aim of the procedure is purely to visualize a part of the gastrointestinal , respiratory or urinary tract in order to aid diagnosis .
Capsule endoscopy can still not yet replace standard endoscopy for various diseases, as is the case for those with cirrhosis. [ 14 ] As of 2014, research was targeting additional sensing mechanisms and localization and motion control systems to enable new applications for the technology, for example, drug delivery.
Comparison between the field of view in endoscopic versus microscopic ear surgery. Ear surgery had been performed with the microscope and through the mastoid cavity until the 1990s. The ability to see certain areas of the anatomy and to pursue disease was hampered by the straight line access when using the microscope.
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a surgical technique whereby "scarless" abdominal operations can be performed with an endoscope passed through a natural orifice (mouth, urethra, anus, vagina, etc.) then through an internal incision in the stomach, vagina, bladder or colon, thus avoiding any external incisions or scars.