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The Friedel–Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877 to attach substituents to an aromatic ring. [1] Friedel–Crafts reactions are of two main types: alkylation reactions and acylation reactions. Both proceed by electrophilic aromatic substitution. [2] [3] [4] [5]
James Crafts, the son of Royal Altamont Crafts and Marianne Mason (daughter of Senator Jeremiah Mason), [3] [4] was born in Boston, Massachusetts and graduated from Harvard University in 1858. Although he never received his Ph.D. , he studied chemistry in Germany at the Academy of Mines (1859) of Freiberg , and served as an assistant to Robert ...
This reaction is similar to nucleophilic aliphatic substitution where the reactant is a nucleophile rather than an electrophile. The four possible electrophilic aliphatic substitution reaction mechanisms are S E 1 , S E 2 (front), S E 2 (back) and S E i ( S ubstitution E lectrophilic), which are also similar to the nucleophile counterparts S N ...
Freund reaction; Friedel–Crafts acylation; Friedel–Crafts alkylation; Friedländer synthesis; Fries rearrangement; Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement; Fujimoto–Belleau reaction; Fujiwara–Moritani reaction; Fukuyama coupling; Fukuyama indole synthesis; Fukuyama reduction
A native of Strasbourg, France, he was a student of Louis Pasteur at the Sorbonne.In 1876, he became a professor of chemistry and mineralogy at the Sorbonne.. Friedel developed the Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions with James Crafts in 1877, [2] [3] and attempted to make synthetic diamonds.
Friedel's law, named after Georges Friedel, the crystallographer, is a property of Fourier transforms of real functions. Friedel's salt , discovered by Georges Friedel, is an anion exchanger mineral belonging to the family of the layered double hydroxides (LDHs).
The methylene group in diphenylmethane is mildly acidic with a pK a of 32.2, and so can be deprotonated with sodium amide. [3](C 6 H 5) 2 CH 2 + NaNH 2 − → (C 6 H 5) 2 CHNa + NH 3. The resulting carbanion can be alkylated.
2-Acetylfuran was prepared by Ashina in 1914 via the reaction of the methyl Grignard reagent on 2-furonitrile. [3] Modern industrial synthesis generally involves the Friedel–Crafts acylation of furan with acetic anhydride.