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Atherosclerosis is characterized by the build-up of plaque inside your blood vessels. It can lead to stenosis, which is a narrowing of your artery walls. Plaque is a fatty substance made up of:
Stenosis is a late event, which may never happen and is often the result of repeated plaque rupture and healing responses, not just the atherosclerotic process. [65] Autopsy studies have shown that the prevalence of coronary artery atherosclerosis in males from the United States, with an average age of 22.1 years old, who died in war, ranges ...
A vulnerable plaque is a kind of atheromatous plaque – a collection of white blood cells (primarily macrophages) and lipids (including cholesterol) in the wall of an artery – that is particularly unstable and prone to produce sudden major problems such as a heart attack or stroke.
An atheroembolism, or cholesterol embolism, is when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures and becomes an embolism. Atherosclerosis is the progressive thickening of blood vessels and plaque formation that eventually can lead to coronary artery disease. [citation needed]
Arteriosclerosis, literally meaning "hardening of the arteries", is an umbrella term for a vascular disorder characterized by abnormal thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity [3] of the walls of arteries; [4] this process gradually restricts the blood flow to one's organs and tissues and can lead to severe health risks brought on by atherosclerosis, which is a specific form of ...
And then finally, atherosclerosis is the hardening of any artery ( even though it’s usually medium- to large-sized arteries) which is caused by the buildup of plaque. These plaques are called atheromatous plaques and happen in the innermost wall of the blood vessel called the tunica intima or endothelium.
The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis involves complex interactions between cholesterol and vascular cells. [52] In the early stages of PAD, the arteries compensate for plaque buildup by dilating to preserve flow through the vessel. Eventually, the artery cannot dilate further, and the atherosclerotic plaque narrows the arterial flow lumen. [51]
The most frequent cause of MI is the rupturing of an atherosclerotic plaque formed in CAD. Plaque rupture exposes the subendothelial matrix beneath the plaque, initiating thrombus formation within the vasculature. [7] The thrombus deposits on the ruptured plaque to completely block the coronary artery, halting oxygen supply to cardiomyocytes.
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