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78xx (sometimes L78xx, LM78xx, MC78xx...) is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost.
While an ATX power supply is connected to the mains supply, it always provides a 5-volt standby (5VSB) power so that the standby functions on the computer and certain peripherals are powered. ATX power supplies are turned on and off by a signal from the motherboard .
An external power supply, AC adapter or power brick, is a power supply located in the load's AC power cord that plugs into a wall outlet; a wall wart is an external supply integrated with the outlet plug itself. These are popular in consumer electronics because of their safety; the hazardous 120 or 240 volt main current is transformed down to a ...
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A regulated power supply is an embedded circuit; it converts unregulated AC (alternating current) into a constant DC. With the help of a rectifier it converts AC supply into DC. Its function is to supply a stable voltage (or less often current), to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain power supply limits.
Fixed 3 A, 5-volt positive voltage regulator [64] LM325 Yes Dual ±15-volt voltage regulator [65] LM330 5-volt positive voltage regulator, 0.6 V input-output difference [66] LM333 Yes Adjustable 3 A negative voltage regulator (-1.2 V to -32 V) [67] LM137 LM237 LM337 Adjustable 1.5 A negative voltage regulator (-1.2 V to -37 V) [68] LM138 LM338
As linear regulators, the LM317 and LM337 are used in DC to DC converter applications. Linear regulators inherently waste power; the power dissipated is the current passed multiplied by the voltage difference between input and output. A LM317 commonly requires a heat sink to prevent the operating temperature from rising too high. For large ...
On-state V CA drops to around 2 V, which is compatible with Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) and CMOS logic gates with 5 V power supply. [40] Low-voltage CMOS (e.g. 3.3 V or 1.8 V logic) requires level conversion with a resistive voltage divider, [40] or replacing the TL431 with a low-voltage alternative like the TLV431. [41]