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2.1.2 Stress pulse in a bar. ... The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description ... The energy conservation can be ...
A pulse wave or pulse train or rectangular wave is a non-sinusoidal waveform that is the periodic version of the rectangular function. It is held high a percent each cycle called the duty cycle and for the remainder of each cycle is low. A duty cycle of 50% produces a square wave, a specific case of a rectangular wave. The average level of a ...
In physics, the energy–momentum relation, or relativistic dispersion relation, is the relativistic equation relating total energy (which is also called relativistic energy) to invariant mass (which is also called rest mass) and momentum. It is the extension of mass–energy equivalence for bodies or systems with non-zero momentum.
The energy of an individual photon is quantized and proportional to frequency according to Planck's equation E = hf, where E is the energy per photon, f is the frequency of the photon, and h is the Planck constant. Thus, higher frequency photons have more energy.
In particular for =, we have a pulse, which acts as: | | + | The equations are essentially identical in the case of a two level atom in the field of a laser when the generally well satisfied rotating wave approximation is made, where is the energy difference between the two atomic levels, is the frequency of laser wave and Rabi frequency is ...
Plot of normalized function (i.e. ()) with its spectral frequency components.. The unitary Fourier transforms of the rectangular function are [2] = = (), using ordinary frequency f, where is the normalized form [10] of the sinc function and = (/) / = (/), using angular frequency , where is the unnormalized form of the sinc function.
Figure 1: A pulse reaching the end of the medium, the end point is free. The successive positions of the pulse is drawn black, red, green, blue, black, red, green. The final green curve is the initial curve of figure 2. Figure 2: The reflection of the pulse. The successive positions of the pulse is drawn green, blue, black, red, green, blue.
Examples of pulse shapes: (a) rectangular pulse, (b) cosine squared (raised cosine) pulse, (c) Dirac pulse, (d) sinc pulse, (e) Gaussian pulse. A pulse in signal processing is a rapid, transient change in the amplitude of a signal from a baseline value to a higher or lower value, followed by a rapid return to the baseline value. [1]