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The biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia, is not yet very well understood. Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been identified as a proteopathy: a protein misfolding disease due to the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid beta (Aβ) protein in the brain. [1]
Most cases of Alzheimer's disease are not hereditary. However, there is a small subset of cases that have an earlier age of onset and have a strong genetic element. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (autosomal dominant hereditary), mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1; PSEN2) or the amyloid precursor protein (APP) can be found. The ...
“Even in those with genetic forms of Alzheimer’s disease, higher baseline Aβ42 levels predict a lower progression to dementia.” “Alzheimer’s is a process of loss (of Aβ42) not of gain ...
Cleavage by gamma secretase within the membrane-spanning domain after beta-secretase cleavage generates the amyloid-beta fragment; gamma secretase is a large multi-subunit complex whose components have not yet been fully characterized, but include presenilin, whose gene has been identified as a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's.
Proteins that bind to HSPGs may accumulate in the brain long before symptoms appear and a gene involved in heparan sulfate production has been identified as an Alzheimer’s risk factor.
The causes of Alzheimer's disease remain poorly understood. [16] There are many environmental and genetic risk factors associated with its development. The strongest genetic risk factor is from an allele of apolipoprotein E. [17] [18] Other risk factors include a history of head injury, clinical depression, and high blood pressure. [1]
This protein is involved in the formation of the ... the creation of plaques and tangles in the brain that cause Alzheimer’s disease. ... human Alzheimer’s genes into animals to initiate ...
The gene for the amyloid precursor protein is located on chromosome 21, and accordingly people with Down syndrome have a very high incidence of Alzheimer's disease. [ 55 ] Structure and toxicity
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