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Combined with the five-kingdom model, this created a six-kingdom model, where the kingdom Monera is replaced by the kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea. [16] This six-kingdom model is commonly used in recent US high school biology textbooks, but has received criticism for compromising the current scientific consensus. [ 13 ]
The last commonly accepted mega-classification with the taxon Monera was the five-kingdom classification system was established by Robert Whittaker in 1969. Under the three-domain system of taxonomy , introduced by Carl Woese in 1977, which reflects the evolutionary history of life, the organisms found in kingdom Monera have been divided into ...
The following is a list of the classes in each phylum of the kingdom Animalia. There are 107 classes of animals in 33 phyla in this list. However, different sources give different numbers of classes and phyla. For example, Protura, Diplura, and Collembola are often considered to be the three orders in the class Entognatha. This list should by ...
Template: Biological kingdom classification. ... 2 kingdoms 3 kingdoms 2 empires: 4 kingdoms: 5 kingdoms 3 domains: 2 empires, 6/7 kingdoms (not treated) Protista:
Template: Full biological kingdom classification. ... 2 kingdoms 3 kingdoms — 4 kingdoms: 5 kingdoms: 6 kingdoms — 8 kingdoms: 6 kingdoms: 7 kingdoms — Protista:
Robert Harding Whittaker (December 27, 1920 – October 20, 1980) was an American plant ecologist, active from the 1950s to the 1970s.He was the first to propose the five kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1969.
In his landmark publications, such as the Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus used a ranking scale limited to kingdom, class, order, genus, species, and one rank below species. Today, the nomenclature is regulated by the nomenclature codes. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdom, phylum or division, class, order, family, genus, and species.
[10] [11] The taxa "animal kingdom" (or kingdom Animalia) and "plant kingdom" (or kingdom Plantae) remain in use by some modern evolutionary biologists. The initial targets of Cavalier-Smith's classification, the protozoa were classified as members of the animal kingdom, [12] and many algae were regarded as part of the plant kingdom. With ...