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Chlorhexidine [1] is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C 22 H 30 Cl 2 N 10, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to disinfect surgical instruments. [2] It is also used for cleaning wounds , preventing dental plaque , treating yeast infections of the mouth , and to keep urinary catheters from blocking. [ 3 ]
Chlorhexidine is a topical antibacterial and antifungal. It is commonly used in hospitals as an antiseptic. It is much more strongly antibacterial than antifungal, requiring at least a 10 times higher concentration to kill yeast compared to gram negative bacteria [24] Chlorophetanol; Diiodohydroxyquinoline (Iodoquinol)
Polyene antifungals have high affinity for ergosterol in fungal cell membranes. Upon binding to the fungal cell membrane and forming pores, membrane permeability and transport in fungus are altered. As a result, fungal cell death occurs. Nystatin is the only polyene antifungal that is available for topical administration.
If a fungus is regularly exposed to fungicide meant to kill it — many fungi that can infect the human body also thrive in soil and decaying plant matter — it can develop resistance to it.
Iodine will kill all principal pathogens and, given enough time, even spores, which are considered to be the most difficult form of microorganisms to be inactivated by disinfectants and antiseptics. Octenidine dihydrochloride, currently increasingly used in continental Europe, often as a chlorhexidine substitute.
The choice of disinfectant to be used depends on the particular situation. Some disinfectants have a wide spectrum (kill many different types of microorganisms), while others kill a smaller range of disease-causing organisms but are preferred for other properties (they may be non-corrosive, non-toxic, or inexpensive). [17]
Dr. Schaffner points out that soap and water don’t technically kill norovirus—but they can help to get rid of the virus. “Soap and water actually lifts up the virus,” he says.
Why is norovirus so hard to kill? The most reliable way to stop the spread is washing your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds , especially if you are preparing food, or after using ...
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