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Ergine, also known as lysergic acid amide and lysergamide, is an ergoline alkaloid that occurs in Clavicipitaceous fungi, which includes Convolvulaceae vines (Morning Glory), which have a permanent bond with these fungi. [10]
ᴅ-Lysergic acid α-hydroxyethylamide (LAH, LSH), also known as ᴅ-lysergic acid methyl carbinolamide, is an ergoamide and an ergoline.It is perhaps the main constituent of the parasitic fungus, Claviceps paspali; [2] [3] [4] and found in trace amounts in Claviceps Purpurea.
The seeds of A. nervosa contain ergot alkaloids varying considerably in concentration with LSA weight ranging between exactly similar looking seeds from 3 μg to 34 μg (avg 17 μg). [17] However, in its effects, LSA is about one tenth as potent as its cousin LSD, making a threshold dose level for LSA (D-Lysergic Acid Amide) about 500 μg. [18]
The effects of LSD begin within 30 minutes of ingestion and can last up to 20 hours, with most trips averaging 8–12 hours. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] It is synthesized from lysergic acid and commonly administered via tabs of blotter paper. [ 22 ]
Amides of lysergic acid are collectively known as lysergamides or ergoamides, [1] [2] and include a number of compounds with potent agonist and/or antagonist activity at various serotonin and dopamine receptors.
Reports of the toxic effects due to ergoline alkaloids date back to the 12th century. [22] Ergot also has a long history of medicinal use, which led to attempts to characterize its activity chemically. First reports of its use date back to 1582, where preparations of ergot were used in small doses by midwives to induce strong uterine contractions.
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Lysergic acid, also known as D-lysergic acid and (+)-lysergic acid, is a precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and found in the seeds of Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian baby woodrose), and Ipomoea species (morning glories, ololiuhqui, tlitliltzin).