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In telecommunications, a long-distance call (U.S.) or trunk call (also known as a toll call in the U.K. [citation needed]) is a telephone call made to a location outside a defined local calling area. Long-distance calls are typically charged a higher billing rate than local calls.
InWATS exchanges were assigned to Canada and other North American Numbering Plan countries, but the original InWATS in each country accepted domestic calls only. Initially 1‑800‑NN2‑XXXX numbers were U.S. intrastate and specific prefixes (such as 1‑800‑387 Toronto and 1‑800‑267 Ottawa) were assigned to Canada. [7]
The first direct-dialed long-distance telephone calls were possible in the New Jersey communities of Englewood and Teaneck.Customers of the ENglewood 3, ENglewood 4 and TEaneck 7 exchanges, who could already dial telephone numbers in the New York City area, could place calls to eleven major cities across the United States by dialing the three-digit area code and the seven-digit directory number.
When dialing a telephone number, the area code may have to be preceded by a trunk prefix or national access code for domestic calls, and for international calls by the international access code and country code. Area codes are often quoted by including the national access code. For example, a number in London may be listed as 020 7946 0321.
The telephone played a major communications role in American history from the 1876 publication of its first patent by Alexander Graham Bell onward. In the 20th century the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) dominated the telecommunication market as the at times largest company in the world, until it was broken up in 1982 and replaced by a system of competitors.
The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a telephone numbering plan for twenty-five regions in twenty countries, primarily in North America and the Caribbean. This group is historically known as World Zone 1 and has the telephone country code 1. Some North American countries, most notably Mexico, do not participate with the NANP.
A telephone call or telephone conversation (or telcon [1] [a]), also known as a phone call or voice call (or simply a call), is a connection over a telephone network between the called party and the calling party. Telephone calls started in the late 19th century, initially relying on analog systems.
Grey routes are arrangements where at one point in the route of a call a black (=illegal) action is taken so that even though both sides of the call look white (=legitimate), the call is actually grey. Regulators often set different tariffs for domestically and internationally originating calls and thus there is a financial incentive to take an ...