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An opiate is an alkaloid substance derived from opium (or poppy straw). [1] It differs from the similar term opioid in that the latter is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors in the brain (including antagonists). [ 2 ]
Opiate is properly limited to the natural alkaloids found in the resin of the opium poppy although some include semi-synthetic derivatives. [ 19 ] [ 21 ] Narcotic , derived from words meaning 'numbness' or 'sleep', as an American legal term, refers to cocaine and opioids, and their source materials; it is also loosely applied to any illegal or ...
Carbonate derivatives of 14β-hydroxycodeine "viz., 14β-hydroxy-6-O-(methoxycarbonyl)codeine, 6-O-methoxycarbonyl-14β-(methoxycarbonyloxy)codeine, and 14β-acetoxy-6-O-methoxy-carbonylcodeine, potential substrates for ring C modification in morphinane (sic) alkaloids, were synthesized for the first time." Russian Chemical Bulletin.
An opiate, in classical pharmacology, is a substance derived from opium. In more modern usage, the term opioid is used to designate all substances, both natural and synthetic, that bind to opioid receptors in the brain (including antagonists). Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the Papaver somniferum plant (opium poppy).
Opium contains a class of naturally occurring alkaloids known as opiates, that include morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, papaverine and noscapine. [71] [72] The specific epithet somniferum means "sleep-bringing", referring to the sedative properties of some of these opiates. [73] The opiate drugs are extracted from opium.
Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. [4] Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.
Today, concentrate of poppy straw is a major source of many opiates and other alkaloids. It is the source of 90% of the world supply of legal morphine (for medical and scientific use) [ 5 ] and in some countries it also is a source of illegal morphine, which could be processed into illegal heroin .
Thebaine (paramorphine), also known as codeine methyl enol ether, is an opiate alkaloid, its name coming from the Greek Θῆβαι, Thēbai (Thebes), an ancient city in Upper Egypt. A minor constituent of opium, thebaine is chemically similar to both morphine and codeine, but has stimulatory rather than depressant effects.