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Cystatin C or cystatin 3 (formerly gamma trace, post-gamma-globulin, or neuroendocrine basic polypeptide), [5] a protein encoded by the CST3 gene, is mainly used as a biomarker of kidney function. Recently, it has been studied for its role in predicting new-onset or deteriorating cardiovascular disease .
One of the measures of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Other tests that can assess the function of the kidneys include assessment of electrolyte levels such as potassium and phosphate, assessment of acid-base status by the measurement of bicarbonate levels from a vein, and assessment of the full blood count for anaemia.
One of these is cystatin C, a ubiquitous protein secreted by most cells in the body (it is an inhibitor of cysteine protease). [14] Cystatin C is freely filtered at the glomerulus. After filtration, Cystatin C is reabsorbed and catabolized by the tubular epithelial cells, with only small amounts excreted in the urine.
Levey is known for developing the most widely used equations to estimate GFR (renal function) globally.He pioneered work with the MDRD Study Equation, [1] led the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), which pooled measured kidney function CKD data from studies all over the world to develop equations to estimate kidney function from serum creatinine, cystatin C, and ...
The biological function of cystatin C was suggested to be inhibition of cysteine proteinases by Grubb and coworkers in 1984. [9] The role of cystatin C, and peptidyl derivatives mimicking its inhibitory site, in inhibiting the replication of viruses and bacteria was thereafter described, [ 10 ] as well as its role in the hereditary disorder ...
Pores in one of the structures of the glomerular filtration barrier. Shrunken pore syndrome (SPS) is a kidney disorder described in 2015 in which the pores in the glomerular filtration barrier are hypothesized to have shrunken so that the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 5–30 kDa proteins, for example cystatin C, is selectively reduced compared to that of small molecules (less than 5 kDa ...
Kidney ischemia [1] is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. [2] Blood vessels shrink and undergo apoptosis which results in poor blood flow in the kidneys. More complications happen when failure of the kidney functions result in toxicity in various parts of the body which may cause septic shock, hypovolemia, and a need for surgery. [3]
Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, [5] is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria ...
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