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The Church Fathers are the early and influential Christian theologians and writers, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. The earliest Church Fathers, within two generations of the Twelve Apostles of Christ, are usually called Apostolic Fathers for reportedly knowing and studying under the apostles personally.
2nd century: Alexander of Alexandria [4] 326 or 328 Alexander of Jerusalem [5] 251 Alexander of Lycopolis [6] 4th century Ambrose of Milan [7] 397: one of the Four Great Doctors of the Western Church; strongly opposed Arianism: Ammonius of Alexandria [8] 3rd century Amphilochius of Iconium [2] [4] 403 or earlier Ananias of Shirak [4] [9] 685
The 2nd-century The Shepherd of Hermas was popular in the early church and was even considered scriptural by some of the Church Fathers such as Irenaeus [37] and Tertullian. It was written in Rome in Koine Greek. The Shepherd had great authority in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The work comprises five visions, 12 mandates, and 10 parables.
Montanus, self-proclaimed prophet and founder of Montanism, last quarter of 2nd century CE; Tertullian, church father, apologist, first Christian writer in Latin, later a Montanist 197~230; Hippolytus, church father, sometimes termed the first Antipope, reconciled with the church and died a martyr 217~236; Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, martyr ...
Shortly after the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Nisan 14 or 15), the Jerusalem church was founded as the first Christian church with about 120 Jews and Jewish Proselytes , followed by the events of Pentecost (Sivan 6) Ananias and Sapphira incident, Pharisee Gamaliel's defense of the Apostles (Acts 5:34–39),
A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church (Edinburgh: T&T Clark). The Works of Saint Augustine, A Translation for the 21st Century (New York City Press). The Fathers of the Church (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press). Ancient Christian Writers (New York: Paulist Press).
In the first years of the 2nd century, Ignatius of Antioch implies that Peter and Paul had special authority over the Roman church. [105] Note 4 ] Irenaeus of Lyons , also of the 2nd century , believed that Peter and Paul had been the founders of the Church in Rome and had appointed Linus as bishop . [ 106 ]
The doctrine of the Trinity, considered the core of Christian theology by Trinitarians, is the result of continuous exploration by the church of the biblical data, thrashed out in debate and treatises, eventually formulated at the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 in a way they believe is consistent with the biblical witness, and further refined in later councils and writings. [1]