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Cataract surgery and IOL implantation have the safest and highest success rates of any eye care-related procedures. As with any type of surgery, however, some level of risk remains. [7] Most complications of cataract surgery do not result in long-term visual impairment, but some severe complications can lead to irreversible blindness. [90]
Posterior capsular rupture, a tear in the posterior capsule of the natural lens, is the most-common complication during cataract surgery. [8] Posterior capsule rupture can cause lens fragments to be retained, corneal oedema, and cystoid macular oedema; it is also associated with increased risk of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment.
Posterior capsular opacification, also known as after-cataract, is a condition in which months or years after successful cataract surgery, vision deteriorates or problems with glare and light scattering recur, usually due to thickening of the back or posterior capsule surrounding the implanted lens, so-called 'posterior lens capsule opacification'.
The technique has mostly been replaced by extracapsular cataract surgery, including phacoemulsification. [25] The lens can also be removed by suction through a hollow instrument: bronze oral-suction instruments that seem to have been used for this method of cataract extraction during the 2nd century CE have been unearthed. [26]
Depending on the cause of the impairment, it can include: Cataract surgery: Restoring vision by removing an eye lens that has become opaque; Corneal transplantation: Replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with a donor cornea, a form of organ transplantation; Glaucoma surgery: Various procedures treat glaucoma, which affects the optic nerve
Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification is frequently performed under surface anaesthesia. Facial nerve, which supplies the orbicularis oculi muscle, is blocked in addition for intraocular surgeries. Topical anaesthesia is known to cause endothelial and epithelial toxicity, allergy and surface keratopathy. [citation needed]
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