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Vowels of Parisian French, from Collins & Mees (2013:225–226). Some speakers merge /œ̃/ with /ɛ̃/ (especially in the northern half of France) and /a/ with /ɑ/. In the latter case, the outcome is an open central between the two (not shown on the chart). Standard French contrasts up to 13 oral vowels and up to 4 nasal vowels.
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of French on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of French in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
French Duployan makes use of an extensive list of letter words, combined consonants, and affix marks, but does not cross letters to make abbreviations. Like most European shorthands, French Duployan omits vowels that can be guessed by a fluent speaker. [7] [8]
English: Parisian French vowel chart. Note that /œ̃/ often merges with /ɛ̃/, and that many speakers have only one open oral vowel between the front /a/ and the back /ɑ/. Note that /œ̃/ often merges with /ɛ̃/, and that many speakers have only one open oral vowel between the front /a/ and the back /ɑ/.
The lax allophone of a high vowel may also appear in open syllables by assimilation to a lax vowel in a following syllable: musique 'music' can be either [myzɪk] or [mʏzɪk]. The lax vowel may be retained in derived words even if the original stressed lax vowel has disappeared: musical can be [myzikal] or [mʏzikal].
The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]
near-close front unrounded vowel: English city, German mit, Canadian French vite: e: e: close-mid front unrounded vowel: US English bear, Spanish él, French année, German mehr, Italian rete, Catalan més: E: ɛ: open-mid front unrounded vowel: English bed, French même, German Männer, Italian ferro, Catalan mes, Spanish perro {æ: near-open ...