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Urban community gardens and the food security movement was a response to the problems of industrial agriculture and to solve its related problems of price inflation, lack of supermarkets, food scarcity, etc. [citation needed]
The supplemental nutrition program Women, Infants and Children (WIC) as well as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have partnered with several urban gardens nationwide to improve the accessibility to produce in exchange for a few hours of volunteer gardening work. [115] Urban farming has been shown to increase health outcomes.
The rise of urban gardening is closely tied to rapid urbanization, which has reduced the availability of arable land and increased reliance on long-distance food supply chains. This shift has led to renewed interest in growing food within cities, as seen in the development of community gardens and urban farms.
Rooftop gardens and green roofs: cultivation of plants on top of buildings. Urban farms: larger-scale agricultural production within city limits, often using innovative technologies such as hydroponics and aquaponics. Vertical farms: method of growing crops indoors in stacked layers, using artificial lighting and controlled climate. [4]
According to Kami Pothukuchi, an Urban Studies and Planning Professor at Wayne State University, “Of all food system activities, community gardens offer excellent, low- cost possibilities for community engagement, service learning, curriculum development, and even research, among other social benefits for students and staff.”
Organopónicos or organoponics is a system of urban agriculture using organic gardens. It originated in Cuba and is still mostly focused there. It often consists of low-level concrete walls filled with organic matter and soil , with lines of drip irrigation laid on the surface of the growing media.
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