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With Allied victory imminent, Mussolini and mistress Clara Petacci attempted to flee to Switzerland, but were captured by communist partisans and executed on 28 April 1945. Early life Benito Mussolini's birth certificate Birthplace of Benito Mussolini in Predappio ; the building now hosts exhibitions on contemporary history.
The Liberal government preferred fascist class collaboration to the Communist Party of Italy's class conflict should they assume government as had Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks in the recent Russian Revolution of 1917, [121] although Mussolini had originally praised Lenin's October Revolution [123] and publicly referred to himself in 1919 as ...
In addition, fascist anti-communism was linked to anti-Semitism and even anti-capitalism, because many fascists believed that communism and capitalism were both Jewish creations meant to undermine nation-states. The Nazis advocated the conspiracy theory that Jewish communists were working together with Jewish finance capital against Germany. [77]
Mussolini promised to revive Italy's status as a Great Power in Europe, carving out a "New Roman Empire". Mussolini promised that Italy would dominate the Mediterranean Sea. In propaganda, the Fascist government used the originally ancient Roman term "Mare Nostrum" (Latin for "Our Sea") to refer to the Mediterranean Sea.
Fascists have commonly sought to eliminate the autonomy of large-scale capitalism and relegate it to the state. [61] However, fascism does support private property rights and the existence of a market economy and very wealthy individuals. [62] Thus, fascist ideology included both pro-capitalist and anti-capitalist elements.
Benito Mussolini, dictator of Fascist Italy (left), and Adolf Hitler, dictator of Nazi Germany (right), were fascist leaders.. Fascism (/ ˈ f æ ʃ ɪ z əm / FASH-iz-əm) is a far-right, authoritarian, and ultranationalist political ideology and movement, [1] [2] [3] characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a ...
[1] [2] The speech was given in the context of the ongoing Great Depression, and Mussolini attempted to explain the economic crisis in the world at the time by arguing that capitalism had gradually degenerated from its origins: first there had been dynamic or heroic capitalism (1830–1870), followed by static capitalism (1870–1914), in turn ...
Mussolini gave two speeches at the meeting on 23 March 1919, which contained a catch-all series of proposals intended to appeal to both the left and the right. [33] For the left, there were proposals to make Italy a republic based on equal suffrage for both sexes (at the time, only men could vote), to introduce referendums , to abolish the ...