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Disease prevention relies on anticipatory actions that can be categorized as primal, [2] [3] primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. [1] Each year, millions of people die of preventable causes. A 2004 study showed that about half of all deaths in the United States in 2000 were due to preventable behaviors and exposures. [4]
A primary prevention's goal is to prevent a disease or injury before it has occurred, secondary prevention's goal is to minimize the effects of an illness after it has occurred, and tertiary prevention aims to manage the effects of an illness in the long term. [12]
Since primary injury occurs at the moment of trauma and is over so rapidly, little can be done to interfere with it other than prevention of the trauma itself. [1] However, since secondary injury occurs over time, it can be prevented in part by taking measures to prevent complications such as hypoxia (oxygen deficiency).
An example of secondary prevention is when those with occupational low back pain are provided with strategies to stop their health status from worsening; the prospects of secondary prevention may even hold more promise than primary prevention in this case. [18]
Primary health care (PHC) is a whole-of-society approach to effectively organise and strengthen national health systems to bring services for health and wellbeing closer to communities. [ 1 ] Primary health care enables health systems to support a person’s health needs – from health promotion to disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation ...
Marc Jamoulle divided medical situations into four quadrants based on if the patient was experiencing illness (i.e. if the patient experienced subjective poor health) and if the doctor had identified disease (constructed based on diagnostic criteria), with a different type of prevention happening in each: Primary prevention when both illness ...
Cancer is typically treated with surgery, radiation and sometimes chemotherapy. But a new study suggests this standard protocol might not be necessary for a common form of early-stage breast cancer.
Chemoprevention or chemoprophylaxis refers to the administration of a medication for the purpose of preventing disease or infection. [1] [2] Antibiotics, for example, may be administered to patients with disorders of immune system function to prevent bacterial infections (particularly opportunistic infection). [3]