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Social liberalism [a] is a political philosophy and variety of liberalism that endorses social justice, social services, a mixed economy, and the expansion of civil and political rights, as opposed to classical liberalism which favors limited government and an overall more laissez-faire style of governance. While both are committed to personal ...
A liberal democracy is a representative democracy with rule of law, protection for individual liberties and rights, and limitations on the power of the elected representatives. An illiberal democracy is a representative democracy with weak or no limits on the power of the elected representatives to rule as they please.
In political science, democratic socialism and social democracy are sometimes seen as synonyms, [25] while they are distinguished in journalistic use. [26] Under this democratic socialist definition, [nb 1] social democracy is an ideology seeking to gradually build an alternative socialist economy through the institutions of liberal democracy. [23]
Liberalism can mean different things in different contexts, being sometimes on the left (social liberalism) and other times on the right (conservative liberalism or classical liberalism). Those with an intermediate outlook are sometimes classified as centrists .
With the end of fascism, countries in Western Europe adopted social democracy and liberal democracy. [86] Social democracy was widely adopted and implemented in much of Europe, both by centre-left and by traditionally centre-right parties. [9] Social liberalism was developed in the United Kingdom by liberal politicians such as John Maynard ...
To define the system in practice, liberal democracies often draw upon a constitution, either codified or uncodified, to delineate the powers of government and enshrine the social contract. A liberal democracy may take various and mixed constitutional forms: it may be a constitutional monarchy or a republic.
Modern liberalism in the United States originates from the reforms advocated by the progressive movement of the early 20th century. [29] Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal in response to the Great Depression, and the New Deal programs defined social liberalism in the United States, establishing it as a major ideology.
The term social democracy can refer to the particular kind of society that social democrats advocate. The Socialist International (SI), the worldwide organization of social democratic and democratic socialist parties, defines social democracy as an ideal form of representative democracy that may solve the problems found in a liberal democracy ...