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  2. C. B. Macpherson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._B._Macpherson

    In 1976, Macpherson was criticized from some on both the left and the right.In response, he claimed that what he had always been trying to do was to "work out a revision of liberal-democratic theory, a revision that clearly owed a great deal to [Karl] Marx, in the hope of making that theory more democratic while rescuing that valuable part of the liberal tradition which is submerged when ...

  3. The Calculus of Consent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Calculus_of_Consent

    The analytical approach of the authors is based on methodological individualism - collective action is composed of individual actions and on the rejection of any organic interpretation of the state. [1] A purely individualistic conception of collectivity is maintained: the state is an artifact, created by men and thus subject to change and ...

  4. Stationary bandit theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stationary_bandit_theory

    The state is created by one class (owners, exploiters) for governance, increasing their own well-being, and suppressing another class (the oppressed class, the exploited). M. Olson is critical of this concept of the origin of the state, as he does not believe that classes represent "organized groups with common interests" that drive them to ...

  5. Thomas Paine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine

    In his Rights of Man, Part Second, Paine advocated a comprehensive program of state support for the population to ensure the welfare of society, including state subsidy for poor people, state-financed universal public education, and state-sponsored prenatal care and postnatal care, including state subsidies to families at childbirth.

  6. Robert Dahl - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dahl

    Robert Alan Dahl (/ d ɑː l /; December 17, 1915 – February 5, 2014) was an American political theorist and Sterling Professor of Political Science at Yale University.. He established the pluralist theory of democracy—in which political outcomes are enacted through competitive, if unequal, interest groups—and introduced "polyarchy" as a descriptor of actual democratic governance.

  7. Henry George - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_George

    As the United Labor Party nominee in 1886 and in 1897 as the Jefferson Democracy Party nominee, he received 31 percent and 4 percent of the vote respectively and finished ahead of former New York State Assembly minority leader Theodore Roosevelt in the first race. After his death during the second campaign, his ideas were carried forward by ...

  8. History of democracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_democracy

    A democracy is a political system, or a system of decision-making within an institution, organization, or state, in which members have a share of power. [2] Modern democracies are characterized by two capabilities of their citizens that differentiate them fundamentally from earlier forms of government: to intervene in society and have their sovereign (e.g., their representatives) held ...

  9. Popular sovereignty in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_sovereignty_in_the...

    Popular sovereignty is the principle that the leaders of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political legitimacy. Citizens may unite and offer to delegate a portion of their sovereign powers and duties to those who wish to serve as officers of the state, contingent on the ...