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More than 82% of all people who are blind are 50 years of age and older, although they represent only 19% of the world's population. Due to the expected number of years lived in blindness (blind years), childhood blindness remains a significant problem, with an estimated 1.4 million blind children below age 15.
Disability-adjusted life year for vision disorders (age-related) per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002. [1] ... (from all causes), of whom 45 million are blind. [14]
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Cortical blindness refers to any partial or complete visual deficit that is caused by damage to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe. Unilateral lesions can lead to homonymous hemianopias and scotomas. Bilateral lesions can cause complete cortical blindness and can sometimes be accompanied by a condition called Anton-Babinski syndrome. [26]
Enlargement of blind spot area in the visual field of the eye is the main sign and acute onset photopsia is the main symptom of AIBSE syndrome. [2] Other symptoms include monocular scotoma and reduced light perception. [3]
A Snellen chart, which is frequently used for visual acuity testing Acute visual loss is a rapid loss of the ability to see . It is caused by many ocular conditions like retinal detachment , glaucoma , macular degeneration , and giant cell arteritis , etc.
Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare immunological disease in which the patient's immune system attacks proteins in the retina, leading to loss of vision.Researchers do not yet fully understand the disease, but it may be the result of cancer or cancer chemotherapy. [1]
Ischemic optic neuropathies are classified based on the location of the damage and the cause of reduced blood flow if known. [3] Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) includes diseases that affect the optic nerve head and cause swelling of the optic disc. These diseases often cause sudden rapid visual loss in one eye.