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A cyclopropyl group is a chemical structure derived from cyclopropane; it is typically produced in a cyclopropanation reaction. The group has an empirical formula of C 3 H 5 and chemical bonds from each of the three carbons to both of the other two.
From left to right: the two isomeric groups propyl and 1-methylethyl (iPr or isopropyl), and the non-isomeric cyclopropyl group. In organic chemistry, a propyl group is a three-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula −CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 for the linear form.
The small size of the ring creates substantial ring strain in the structure. Cyclopropane itself is mainly of theoretical interest but many of its derivatives - cyclopropanes - are of commercial or biological significance. [3] Cyclopropane was used as a clinical inhalational anesthetic from the 1930s through the 1980s. The substance's high ...
Most cyclopropanes are not prepared from the parent cyclopropane, which is somewhat inert. Cyclopropyl groups are often prepared by cyclization of 1,3-difunctional alkanes. An example of the former, cyclopropyl cyanide is prepared by the reaction of 4-chlorobutyronitrile with a strong base. [1]
Structure of U-106305, a derivative of a cyclopropane fatty acid with six cyclopropane rings, isolated from Streptomyces sp. Although cyclopropanes are relatively rare in biochemistry, many cyclopropanation pathways have been identified in nature. The most common pathways involve ring closure reactions of carbocations in terpenoids.
Alkyl groups that contain one ring have the formula −C n H 2n−1, e.g. cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl. The formula of alkyl radicals are the same as alkyl groups, except the free valence "−" is replaced by the dot "•" and adding "radical" to the name of the alkyl group (e.g. methyl radical •CH 3).
Structure of the platinacyclobutane PtC 3 H 6 (bipy) derived from activation of cyclopropane. In organometallic chemistry , the activation of cyclopropanes by transition metals is a research theme with implications for organic synthesis and homogeneous catalysis . [ 1 ]
Cyclopropanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 3 H 6 O. It contains a cyclopropyl group with a hydroxyl group attached to it. The compound is highly unstable due to the three-membered ring, and is susceptible to reactions that open the ring.